Theoretical Framework in Nursing Process Essay Example for Free

Theoretical Framework in Nursing Process EssayThink choke to the last time someone close to you became sick. use Myra Estrin Levines preservation exercise what would have been the cogitate of your assessment? How did the illness affect you and the rest of your family? Levines Conservation Modelis focused in promoting variant and maintaining wholeness using the principles of conservation. The model guides the nurse to focus on the influences and responses at the organismic level. The nurse accomplishes the goals of the model through the conservation of energy, structure, and personal and social integrity (Levine, 1967). Although conservation is fundamental to the outcomes expected when the model is used, Levine as salubrious discussed two other important concepts critical to the use of her model registration and wholeness. (http//nursingtheories. blogspot. com, retrieved April 16, 2012) Now recalling the recent hospital care of patient RG (my girlfriend) due to vaso-vagal syncope, I unknowingly applied all of the four conservation principles, as well as the major concepts that revolve around the model. A few days forward to admission, patient RG report to began having episodes of constipation.Two hours prior to admission, she stated that she woke up due to severe abdominal pain and directly went to the bathroom. A few moments later she was found by her mom on the floor, just regaining her consciousness and with a deep, moderately shed blood, 2-cm laceration on the right cheek bone area. She was rushed to the emergency room and was eventually brought to the OR for repair of facial laceration by a plastic surgeon. I happened to be on duty at that time and, as expected, was the one to attend to her during her stay in the ER.Standard ER protocols would lead me to in the beginning assess for changes her level of consciousness (should the origin would be neurological in nature), followed by a picture review of systems any variation from the normal vi tal signs would deem signifi nookyt for a patient whos chief complaint is loss of consciousness (should the origin would be cardiac in nature). Immediately, the theory of conservation would imply that the patient should temporarily be placed on bed rest while we quieten determine the possible cause of the problem (conservation of energy). Simultaneously, measures were done to revent infection from and further bleeding of the laceration (conservation of structural integrity). When the bleeding has been controlled and tests and other basic interventions have already been done, I tried on keeping her mind as far away as possible from worrying about the probable effects of the cheek fault and the development of a facial scar with her ego-image perception (conservation of personal integrity). Lastly, as I was already on the outgoing shift, I made sure that I stayed with her even after my duty for additional hurt until she was brought up to the OR (conservation of social integrity).On ce she was out of the OR, it was advised that she still be confined for the attached 24 hours for observation and to influence sure that the episode of loss of consciousness would not recur again. later being discharged, she was advised by her attending physician to rest for a additional calendar week prior to going back to work. Apparently the facial damage has also exposed her facial nerves which also had to be repaired. In addition, her parotid gland has also been injured, causing facial swelling whenever she eats.For the next week she had to adapt with the condition and I was there for her helping her adjust with the challenges and though out the whole ordeal. To make matters worse, the injury on her facial nerves caused weakness on her facial muscles leaving her central incisors to beget unstable, resulting into even more pain and discomfort when eating and chewing. This caused strain in our relationship as she was super irritable most of the time. It was as hard for me and for the rest of her family as it was for her as we are all clearly affected by her disability/limitations.Still, that did not deter us from being all there to maintain her. In two weeks, the swelling improved and the pain went away. She started eating normally again and the scar on her face became barely noticeable. Without realizing it, I have put into good use Myra Levines conservation theory. B. Using Roys model of adaptation, what were her adaptive enquires in the following modes physiologic, interdependence, government agency puzzle out, and self-concept In the physiologic mode, adaptation is concerned about the preservation of physical integrity (Fawcett, 1984).Basic human needs such as oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity and rest, protection, and temperature regulation are identified with this mode. In addition, the bodys complex processes in the take shape of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balances as well as the neurologic and endocrine functions are also taken into consideration (Manriquez, 2009). In the interdependence mode, emphasis is on the need for social integrity. Interdependence entails maintaining balance between dependence and emancipation of an individuals relationship with others.Dependent behaviors can be observed as affection-seeking, help-seeking, andattention-seeking. Independent behaviors embroil mastery of obstacles and initiative taking. Manriquez (2009) describes this as the need is to achieve relational integrity using the process of affective adequacy, i. e. the giving and receiving of love, respect and value through effective relations and communication. In the role function mode, the need for social integrity is also emphasized. When human beings adapt to various role changes that occur end-to-end a lifetime, they are adapting in this mode.Knowing who one is, in relation to others, so one can act is the primary essence of this mode. Role set is the complex of positions that an individual holds which involve role development, slavish and expressive behaviors as well as the role-taking process (Manriquez, 2009). In a group setup such as a family, the role can be assessed by observing the communication patterns. The need is role clarity, understanding and committing to fulfill expected tasks so the group can achieve common goals.For example, when a equalise adjusts their lifestyle appropriately following retirement from full-time employment, they are adapting in this mode (Wikipedia retrieved April 24, 2012). In self-concept mode, the need for maintenance of psychic and spiritual integrity is its main function. Perceptions of ones physical and personal self are included in this mode. (Wikipedia retrieved April 24, 2012). The goal is to exist with a sense of unity, meaning, and purposefulness in the earth (Manriquez, 2009).

Data collection Essay Example for Free

Data collection EssayEXECURTIVE digest PROBLEMOur client is unfamiliar with the Dutch clamset, we are to conduct an in-depth research of the target market in order to provide a deep downstairsstanding of the marketplace and its consumers. Research question Will the result be able to capture the consumption of tea in the Dutch market?SECONDARY data COLLECTIONDEMOGRAPHICAGE DISTRIBUTION DATA cosmos The Hague to surpass the 500 thousand mark in family line The universe of The Hague is anticipated to surpass the 500 thousand mark in September this year, having grown by n too soon 60 thousand since the turn of the century. The equipoise of new residents under the days of 20 has increase markedly and at the same time, the proportion of over-65s has declined.Considerable growth since 2002The universe of discourse of The Hague has increased almost continually since 2000 and has grown substantially in 2002 when the number of Dutch municipalities was reduced further. Other facto rs bestow to the population growth were mickle moving in from otherwise municipalities, more foreign migrants and natural population growth. The population increase caused by quite a little moving to The Hague from other municipalities is partly due to the construction of stark naked housing estates like Leidschenveen. This is not the first time for The Hague to surpass the 500 thousand mark. In the early 1960s, the population even exceeded 600 thousand physical body 1 Popution of The HagueMore young people, fewer over-65sThe share of young people in the population of The Hague has increased over the past 15 years. The proportion of people under the age of 20 has grown from 21.4 percent in 1996 to 23.0 percent in 2011, whereas for theNetherlands as a whole, the proportion of people younger than 20 declined marginally. The increase in The Hague is caused by an increase in the number of households with children. Simultaneously, the over-65 population in The Hague shrank from 17.1 to 12.9 percent. This is surprising, because elsewhere across the Netherlands the over-65 population grew from 13.3 to 15.6 percent in the same period.Figure 2 Population of The Hague by ageNearly half have foreign backgroundThe share of people with a foreign background has grown from 37 to 49 percent in The Hague between 1996 and 2011. On 1 January this year, 241 thousand residents of The Hague had a foreign background, i.e. 73 thousand had a western background and 168 thousand had a non-western background. The most substantial increase by nearly 10 percentage points was recorded among people with a non-western background. The population with a non-western background comprises four large groups. The proportion of Turks grew most. People from Surinam are still the largest cultural group in The Hague. The group of people with a western foreign background grew by serious over 2 percentage points. The largest group of people with a western background are people from the former Dutch East Indies or Indonesia. This category declined by 15 percent, while the group of other western migrants grew by 65 percent.Figure 3 Population with foreign BackgroundsRATE OF TEA uptake IN THE NETHERLANDSNext to coffie is tea one the most largely consumed beverage in the Netherlands. Data collect by CBS shows that 100 litres of tea is consumed per person in 2006. The targeted group for our product fall within the ages of 20 65 years who are the majority of the entire population of The Hague. In figure 3, it shows the population of people in The Hague with foreign backgrounds and among them are people from morocco, Turkey and Indonesia (Condliffe). These people are among the screening 20 orbit tea consumption countries. Below is in figure showing the rate of tea consumption in the Netherlands per person in 2006.Figure 4Rate of Beverage consumptionCOMPITION IN THE TEA martImmediate competitorsThe Immediate competitors in the market are those companies that produce tea products with different flavours. One of the top competitors in the tea market are Lipton and Pickwick. These capability competitors are producing tea in the old traditional trend with little variations bringing to the market slightly improved flavours. Advantages of the Barley tea over the potential immediate competitors. 1. The barley tea has numerous health advantages over the various immediate competitors. Below is the nutritional contents chart of the various tea products in the market as compered to Barley tea (Asianfoods) Figure 5 Nutritional contents of leading tea products

English Language Teaching in Gulf Essay Example for Free

English delivery Teaching in gulf EssayZafar Syeds assertions ab off the TESOL ch all toldenges in Gulf are subjective reflection over the let out and he is unable(p) to provide whatever verified or falsifiable data and findings. He places all responsibility on the structural unobtrusivenesss i. e. contextual framework, human resource sproutment, system and standards, and query and knowledge and compensable less heed to opposite relevant and important dimension f the TESOL i. e. the constraints on the art of the students.He relies too much on the secondary sources but those secondary sources are also related to grooming and article of belief general and has taken into computeation English language teaching particularly. To some extent acknowledgement of these secondary resources is relevant e. g. citation of Mograby to provides facts and figures about the unprecedented quantitative growth in education in UAE . (338) He then generalizes that this unprecedented grow th has adverse case on the teaching of address. He describes that this unchecked growth impacted the planning and implementation of English teaching patterns and policies.(338) In the following paragraph, he is unable to support he preposition by any solid line of arguments, research study or verifiable facts and figures. He is unable to demonstrate that how this rapid growth in education industry has affected the teaching of language. It is more important to provide a socio-cultural context as well that deter or set off the teaching and learning of a language. He describes that local students see no concrete link mingled with English ability and communicative requirements. Mr.Syed is correct in saying this as communicative important of any language in general and English language in particular is related to exposure of the students to other medium of communications. If the socio-cultural context is conservative and does not allow a student to participate in activities involvin g other communities and people, he will be unable to use his acquired language capacity and thus will consider it meaning less and futile. This will restrict English language teaching to academic activity still. tho Mr. Syed does not provide why such perception is created and this deal can be tackled.The next constraint that Mr. Syed takes into account is human resource development. This part of the study is most powerful and relevant as Mr. syed evaluates the fictional character of English language qualification development and describes an array of issues related to it. He rightly point out the important of the local Arab English language teachers. The pool of English language teachers in the whole role are comprised of various expatriates groups that do not possess enough knowledge about the local socio-cultural communities and languages (339).Syed accurately concludes hat this lack of knowledge about local socio-cultural context breed problems like teacher-students fling and this gap endangers effect English Language teaching. Foreign teachers are not well-capacitated to anticipate and delve deep into the socio-problems of the learners and then can suggest remedies to these. Grammar Translation Method also requires an understanding of the local language and context in order to effectively implement this methodology. (Chastain, 1971. p. 131) Mr.Syed concludes that this ad-hocism in the hiring of contractual foreign faculty hinders the way to implement a more effective and locally suitable system as these temporary teachers are less make to make an in-depth evaluation of the system. Here r. Syed has recognized the sole cause of the problem that triggers a cause and effect phenomenon leading to the deterioration of the English Language teaching system in Gulf. Only a move and well-informed teachers can recognize the contextual important and shortcomings of language teaching and hence can joint policies to reduce or eradicate these contextual barrie rs.Mr Syed has further taken in to consideration the systems and standards but he is unable to realize that only senior and seasoned English language teachers and professors can help figure and executing a viable system and standard for English language teaching. It is not something independent in itself. He emphasizes on the importance of research but it must be noted that research only come through established systems and qualified academia. So first there is dire need to develop faculty and establish a contextually modified system of instructions.This will ultimately lead the faculty to conduct research on appropriate issues pertaining to every facets of English language teaching. Despite various defects in his theoretical framework, he provides some excellent insights into Gulf English language teaching. In addition to his content, he had certain serious flaws in the style of his expression. He only comments on a specific issue briefly and then goes on to comment on another cha llenges faced by the English Language Teaching without elaborating the first one.The very first sentence of the study indicates that it has nothing to do with primary research as conducting interview of the ESL teachers to locate the challenges faced by them. Further, Syed has limited his study to UAE with a little advert to Saudi Arabia here and there. So this not only limits the scope of the study but indicates that relying on a particular country in the region, generalizations have been made about the whole region. Chastain, Kenneth. The Development of Modern Language Skills Theory to Practice. Philadelphia Center for Curriculum Development, 1971.

Passage Essay Example for Free

Passage EssayPassage As I have endeavored to show you how atomic number 63ans become Americans it may not be disagreeable to show you excessively how the various Christian sects introduced, wear appear, and how religious indifference becomes prevalent. When any considerable number of a specific sect happens to dwell contiguous to each other, they immediately erect a temple, and there worship the idol agreeably to their experience peculiar ideas. Nobody disturbs them. If any new sect springs up in Europe it may happen that many of its professors will come and settle in America. As they bring their bumptiousness with them, they are at liberty to make proselytes if they can, and to build a meeting and to follow the dictates of their consciences for neither the governance nor any other power intercedes. If they are peaceable subjects, and are industrious, what is it to their neighbors how and in what manner they think sound to address their prayers to the Supreme Being? Bu t if the sectaries are not settled close to set upher, if they are commingle with other denominations, their zeal will cool for want of fuel, and will be extinguished in a little time.Then the Americans become as to religion, what they are as to country, allied to all. In them the name of Englishman, Frenchman, and European is lost, and in like manner, the strict modes of Christianity as practiced in Europe are lost also. This force play will extend itself til now farther hereafter, and though this may appear to you as a unknown idea, yet it is a very(prenominal) true one. I shall be able perhaps hereafter to explicate myself better in the meanwhile, let the following example serve as my first justification. paraphraseIn an attempt to explain you how Europeans became Americans, it is also visible that how the antithetic Christian factions established, wear down and indeed finally they submerged into each other. When a significant number of people, belonging to different gro ups inhabit contiguous to each other, they live and worship in the way that satisfies their own religious thoughts. If a new gather of people recoils in Europe then it is a possibility that many its lecturers come and live in America. With them, they bring new zest. They are free to follow their own principles because neither the administration nor anyone else will get in the way.If these people are prolific and nonviolent, no one cares about their way of worship. On the other hand, if these 2 different groups are intermingled and mixed together, then their zest and enthusiasm will wear out and will be extinguished with the passage of time. Then the unanimity arises and they become allied to every outlook of life in religion as well as to their country. This impact will expand itself s process beyond in future, and though this may appear to you as an eccentric suggestion, yet it is a very true one. Summary In the passage, the writer shows how in America, the religious indifferenc e becomes common.Like when two different religious groups happen to settle adjacent to each other, they raise there temples right away and hold up their own spiritual worship. They are free to follow their own persona because no one interfere them. If they live peacefully, and are productive, nobody bothers to think in what manner they address their prayers to the Supreme Being. But if two different sects mix up with each other, their spiritual values merge with each other. Consequently, they lose their own distinction and amalgamate together in religion just as they show unison for their country.The writer is of the view that this impact will still extend itself in the future. This may appear odd yet it is true. Analysis In the passage narrated above, the writer has shown his/her immense treasure of research and vocabulary. The passage demonstrates the logical onward motion of the writer. In the passage, the writer has put in the picture of how the Englishmen of Europe are chang ed into Americans. Here the writer has basically emphasized on the religious fusion of the people belonging to different groups.But the writer has ignore the issue of moral violence produced by this merger and its impact in the passage. The writer has apply the voice communication peaceable and industrious in describing different groups of people that shows positive approach of the writer. Similarly, Supreme Being has been used instead of God which reflects His highness and supreme power. On another place, word denomination has been used to guide different casts and factions of people. I chose this passage because this paragraph is quite thought provoking and an example of simplicity of phraseology and elevation of thoughts.Besides, the topic under discussion in this part of article is somewhat interesting. I fairly like this passage because in this part the writer has influenced me to imagine how the modern culture of America has flourished till today. The writer has shown h is/her positive attitude by describing the constructive out comes of this unification of people belonging to different cultures, traditions and even religion. From this passage, I have discovered that how rich and how much mature our culture and our traditions are.

A Teacher Is a Person Essay Example for Free

A Teacher Is a Person EssayA instructor is a person who has excellent breeding techniques, respects her students, makes them feel comfortable in the classroom, and be consistent. A instructor also gives special trouble to all of her students and tries to make the material easy to understand. A teacher is also considerate, supportive and kind and who makes legitimate that she provides attention to the students personally. A teacher provides so many benefits to a childs life, that its closely impossible to find ways in which a teacher can be a ill teacher. The most awful teacher is the matchless who deep down within does non care.A big(a) teacher is one who does non bond with the students at all. A teacher can be a mischievously teacher if, she comes unprepared to the class and does not even knows what to teach while students are waiting and hoping that they allow for learn something new. A teacher can also be a badly teacher if, she does not lectures the material ef ficiently and does not spend personal time with her students. A bad teacher is the one who makes the environment of the classroom so dull that some students are forced to drop their classes. another(prenominal) example in which the teacher can be a bad teacher is if, the teacher does not come to the class because of her personal issues and does not even bother to inform the students or the faculty that she will not be able to come to the class that day.Furthermore, a teacher can be a bad teacher if she just parks herself behind the desk and does not even bother to explain the enigma or the chapter. A bad teacher is the one who just gives absurdly difficult assignments without even verbalize the students that how those are done. In addition, a teacher can also be a bad teacher if she is always late to class and then gives false excuses. A bad teacher is also the one who is always discourteous to the students and has a bad attitude. Some students are very sensitive and rude express ion of the teacher might affect their school and personal life. A bad teacher is the one who does not care about the time and keeps all her students after class, neglecting the fact that it might affect their further plans.another(prenominal) way a teacher can be a bad teacher is if he or she just lectures for the sake of money and has no idea that what the subject is about and does not even bind pleasure in teaching. A bad teacher is the one who has complexity in solving questions and identifying a teaching moment, who does not have that eagerness for the subject and gets off subject very easily. A bad teacher is also the one who supports favoritism. Moreover, a teacher can also be a bad teacher if, the teacher teases and makes fun of the students.It takes a lot of deliberation and training time to be a good teacher. If a teacher is not prepared and takes everything for granted, it is not the teacher who is going be affected, hardly rather the students. When students have a bad t eacher, they are not only unsuccessful to study or learn, just they also lose interest in school or in a special(prenominal) subject. There are infinite ways for a teacher to be a bad teacher, but it is in the students hands to have the ability to change the situation by not being affected or seeking help outside of the classroom from someone efficient.

Facilitating Case Management Essay Example for Free

Facilitating grammatical case Management Essay wherefore is it important for a case manager to sire rapport with a client? Provide three examples of how rapport can be generated. 2. Why are statutory requirements necessary? What impact do they have on the case managers routine? 3. What information might you need to gather from the families of clients? 4. List two elements that may be considered to be characteristics of a complex case. 5. Describe two strategies you may employ when dealing with a client with complex issues. 6.Case management plans must be developed in order to reflect the initial assessment of needs. Why is it essential that these plans be designed in consultation with clients? 7. Casework processes should be continually monitored for effectiveness. a) List two reasons wherefore this is necessary. b) How should monitoring be undertaken? 8. If changes to a case plan are required, who should be consulted prior to the changes being make? 9. Why is cultural cons ideration important as part of case management supplying? 0. lineation three strategies you think a workplace needs to have for including cultural awareness in the planning process? 11. You are a Team Leader in a Community Service g everywherenment activity and your organisation has just employed a new case worker. Describe two strategies that can protagonist facilitate casework consultation between staff to maximise their performance in their new role. Best radiation pattern and promoting high-quality case management 12.What is meant by the term trump out practice case management? Why is best practice a significant service delivery benchmark? 13. How can case workers benefit from enchant leadership, support, advice, supervision and challenges? In what ways might these improve service delivery? 14. Legislation, organisational policies and procedures can change over time. How might case management leaders support case managers in keeping up to date with organisational policies and procedures?

Strategically Evaluate The Accor Expansion Plan Tourism Essay

Strategically prize The Accor Expansion Plan Tourism EssayThe compose has to strategically evaluate Accors expanding upon plan of adding 10,000 entourage per annum in aggregate during two historic period (2007-2008) in both established grocery store chosen as unite States of America and emerging commercialise chosen as china. The author will similarly brushup the foodstuffing, financial strategies that Accor has adopted in these markets till now and then suggest future strategies to expand in these markets. The author will alike be suggesting ab reveal the brand that Accor should look forward to expand.Accoris a expectantFrenchmultinational corporation operating in roughly 90 countries and Accor Hospitality, the Accor hotels branch, has more than 4,000 hotels worldwide. It starts from the nigh curvy hotels to the most economic lodging solution. Under its belt there ar brands like so curbel, novotel, mercure, ibis, red jacket crown inns, etap, motel 6, studio 6 a nd formule 1. The crowd is looking to expand its hotel business in an established ( ground forces) and establishing (China) market by adding 20,000 board over the period of two days. The author has to strategically evaluate and make suggestions to the group.With a bodily representation through and throughout the world, Accor Hotels deem become wholeness of the largest players in the application. It is an intricate organisation with multiple brands and qualifications of hotels, as well as supplementary products and serve. Accor finds it important to incorporate the small and dainty-sized hotels in managing guests needs and requests as they atomic number 18 the direct link to the customers.Accoris a largeFrenchmultinational corporation operating in near 90 countries. Accor is the European leader in hotels (Accor Hospitality) and a global leader in corporate swear outs (Accor operate). Accor Hospitality, the Accor hotels branch, has more than 4,000 hotels worldwide. It starts from the most luxurious hotels to the most economic lodging solution.(Reference http//www.fundinguniverse.com)Aims Objectives This report aims to develop global expanding upon plans for Accor in established and emerging market in the given span of time during the year 2007-2008. The accusatory is to provide rationale for the selection of markets, and propose branding, finance, and marketing system to the Board of ACCOR to add an additional 10,000 way of lifes per annum across both established markets (Europe, including France and North America) and early(a)(a) beas of the world (Latin America, Africa, Middle East and Asia/Pacific).Research methodological analysis This report is groundworkd on the case study for the ACCOR group of hotels which is from the module study guide and is a piece of research by the The Centre for Hospitality Research at Cornell University. The various secondary sources accessed take a shit been as following internet, journals, professional reports, governance reports and others to produce data for the targeted markets.In 1967 Grard Pelisson and Paul Dubrule open up their first Novotel hotel on a roadside near Lille in northern France. Travel was booming in France in the 1960s and the hotel industry had not yet spread out to meet the demand. French hotels, in general, were either rural inns or luxury hotels in city centers. Dubrule decided to build American-style highway hotels in the medium price range and collaborated with Pelisson, a former head of market research at IBM-Europe. Through Pelissons connections the partners were fitted to secure a bank loan, and the Novotel firm was launched. The comp boths ensuing success was in large part collect to its being first to break into the unexploited European market for highway lodging. Each Novotel provided standardized rooms, extensive parking facilities, and restaurants featuring local cuisine. Soon Novotels also were established at airports and popular vacation sites, such as the seaside and mountain argonas.The acquisition of the Mercure hotel mountain range in 1975 pushed the social club into metropolitan areas and the business traveler market, and these hotels alter according to regional demands in style, character, and restaurant offerings. By the end of the 1970s Novotel had become the premier hotel kitchen range in Europe with 240 establishments in Europe, Africa, southward America, and the Far East.Accors brand worldwideFormule1Lowest rates on the market.Functional room for unity,Two or tierce people.All-you-can-eat breakfast buffet.Round-the-clock check-in.EtapPleasant convenient room for one, two or three people.Budget price.All-you-can-eat breakfast buffet.Round-the-clock check-in.Motel 6The lowest price of any national chain.Red Roof InnRenovated product.Low rates.Comfortable beds.RediCard PreferredMember loyalty course of instruction.IbisSimple, undeviating pricing policy.Always rattling well situated, in city centres , close to airports or near major tourist or business areas.Service quality (ISO 9001 certification and 15-minute satisfaction guarantee).Environmentally friendly waste, water supply and energy guidance systems.Teams on duty more or less the clock.Breakfast served from 400 a.m. to noon.Hot snacks available at any time.MercureShared values, such as a strong regional focus, a unique temperament and an exceptional wine list.For business and leisure stays, in city centres, at the seaside or in the mountains.NovotelOpen spaces featuring contemporary design, for rest and relaxation.B serious, spacious, pleasant rooms where guests can work or unwind in a comfortable setting.Customers can eat whatever, whenever and wherever they want.Offers adapted to the needs of all travellers.Suite HotelInnovative, fresh concept.30- forthright-meter modular suites.With Boutique Gourmand, food can be purchased around the clock in the hotel lobby. liberal restful massage every Thursday evening.The lo nger the stay, the lower the price.Smart cars made available free-of-charge to medium-stay customers.SofitelPrime locations in leading business centres and resorts.Each hotel is unique in its design, architecture and culture.Sofitels exclusive MyBed concept, the guarantee of a dear(p) nights sleep.Restaurants offering innovative, contemporary cuisine that surprises diners, awakening their senses and stirring their emotions.Hotel Distribution WorldwideAccor has its 4,000 hotels in 90 countries. It has its social movement all seven continents and in all mojor cities. (Reference www.accorhotels.com)EuropeAfricaAsiaAustraliaNorth AmericaAndorraAlgeriaCambodiaAustraliaCanadaAustriaBeninChinaFiji Is res publicasMexicoBelgiumBurkina FasoIndiaFrench PolynesiaUSABulgariaBurundiIndonesiaNew ZealandCyprusCamerounJapanNorfolk IslandCzech RepublicChadLaosFranceEgyptMalaysiaGermanyEquatorial GuineaPhilippinesGreeceGabonSingaporeHungaryGhanaSouth KoreaIrelandGuineaThailandItalyIvory CoastVietnam LithuaniaMauritaniaLuxembourgMauritiusMonacoMoroccoNetherlandsNigeriaPolandReunionPortugalRwandaRomaniaSenegalRussiaSouth AfricaSpainTunisiaDevelopment strategyAccors hotel business has go along its sustained pace of tuition. Most importantly, they devised a new, more efficient business flairl based on two foundationsStronger brands those are now more visible, more attractive and more strategically aligned.An asset right real estate strategy, which consists of adapting operating structures to the profile of each country and market share.Pelisson and Dubrule certain their expanding lodge with a decentralized management and a unique dual chairmanship. Although to comply with French law the partners took turns let ining the formalized position of chairman, they made all decisions jointly and shared responsibilities, immersing themselves in all aspects of the business. The companys specialty became variety, providing hotel chains to fit every need. In 1973 Sphere S.A. was creat ed as a holding company for a new chain of two-star, no-frills hotels, called Ibis the first Ibis was opened the following year. During this time, the company also acquired Courte Paille, a chain of roadside steakhouses founded in 1961, which reflected many of the same priorities as Novotel practicality, easy parking, consistent quality, and quick service.(Reference http//www.fundinguniverse.com)Accor expanded at a off the beaten track(predicate) swifter rate than its international rivals, be glide slope the largest operator in Europe. It led the market in France and West Germany, and expanded in the medium and sparing range in Spain, Italy, and Britain with its $75 million investment budget. The companys European base provided three-quarters of its revenue, with more than half coming from hotels and the rest from its foodservices.(Reference http//www.fundinguniverse.com)In 1997, Dubrule and Pelisson decided to retire from active management and were succeeded by Jean-Marc Espaliou x. Espaliouxs new management team focused on relocating Accors cash. In an effort, to deleverage themselves and free resources to provide for expansion, Accor disposed of 3 billion of real estate assets as part of a sale and leaseback programme.(Reference http//www.fundinguniverse.com)Business MixAccor S.A. operates in hotels and services sector worldwide. It provides luxury and upscale, midscale, and providence hotel services. It also designs, develops, and manages prepaid solutions, including food vouchers, welfare and avail programs, family assistance solutions, gift vouchers and cards, loyalty programs and incentive campaigns, and expense management services to corporate clients and public institutions. In addition, the company operates restaurants and casinos, as well as provides onboard train services to the railway sector. Accor was incorporated in 1960 and is headquartered in Evry, France. monetary PerformanceProfit before tax rose to 727 million in 2005, an all-time sh ew, and the Groups balance sail was more solid than ever. Based on these results, shareholders will be asked to approve an ordinary dividend of 1.45 per share, a 26.1% affix, cocksure an exceptional dividend of 1.50 per share, representing a total payout of 320 million. This dividend policy is accompanied by a share buyback program that has had a positive effect on earnings per share. (Reference www.accorhotels.com)Accors 2006 results were excellent, as can be seen in three key figures Revenue rose by 6.6%, the biggest increase since 1998. Profit before tax rose by 28% to 727 million, a record. EBITDAR margin, at 27.4%, was our highest ever.These figures prove that Accor is developing fast and enjoying very good financial health, as illustrated by their low level of debt. Another reason for satisfaction is that these improved results concern both the Services and the Hotels businesses. For the year, revenue was up 15.5% in Services and 6.1% in Hotels. And, if 2006 was a very good year, the outlook for 2007 is also very encouraging. With the two businesses ingathering potential, the economic turnaround (especially in Europe with the upturn in the hotel cycle) and the emerging markets of China and India, they hold up every reason to be optimistic. For 2007, Accor is on track to step up the pace of growth, with the finishing of adding 200,000 rooms by 2008. (Reference www.accorhotels.com)StrategyVery quickly too, it became apparent that there was a need for a clearer strategy that would enable the Group to more accurately identify its development priorities and, more importantly, focus its managerial and financial resources. In addition to this two-pronged strategic shift, senior management, under the leadership of Gilles Plisson, outlined a sustained expansion strategy combining acquisitions, notably in the Services business, and stepped up organic growth in the Hotels business with the opening of 200,000 new rooms between 2006 and 2010, especially in Chi na, India and other strong-growing regions. Redefining the market positioning of the brands also made it necessary to reposition the Sofitel brand and create a new non-standardized banner in the economy segment, All Seasons. The brand strategy has led to a shift out from the Accor corporate banner toward the operating brands.Accor focuses repeatedly on a specific vision for growth and believes in sustainable, profitable growth through three pillarsA geographically and structurally balanced portfolioA disciplined, and results-oriented management of resources and assetsA set of powerful, aligned brands(Ref case study)The veracious Approach became Accors strategic vision of its Hotels division focussed on making Accors Hotels business more profitable, less cyclical and well appreciated by its clientsTo reach out these goals, five levers drive the Right ApproachAlign the brand portfolio with customer expectations (The Right stakes)Redefine the networks around this brand portfolio ( The Right Network)Improve hotel operating performance in the reconfigured business base (The Right operational Performance)Adapt hotel operating structures to improve return on capital employed and reduce cash-flow volatility (The Right Asset Management) Shift the corporate culture to deliver the best value-added services to hotel owners (The Right Service Provider). self-possession StructureFor the lower and mid segment hotels Accor can consider giving franchises or entering in joint ventures. However, for the high end segment hotels like sofitel and novotel, Accor should maintain ownership approach as these properties have higher profit sensitivity. In 2003, Accor opened 10 new properties under these brands, and they owned or hired these new properties.Accor should have less capital-intensive operating structures, which is a key to their success, especially in economically sensitive countries. While Accor owns and leases some properties, they also look to management centralises and franchising.(Reference case study)Developed MarketFor the developed market the author has chosen three developed markets from which one will be shortlisted after the analyses. The author has chosen UK, France and USA as its markets for analysis. Accor has great presence in all the three markets.Accor has 125 hotels in UK generally in the mid-segment. The demand for mid-segment hotels in the UK is strong and most of the Accor hotels are doing well. However, UK is not a big market compared to the US for Accor. Accor already has a good presence in the European market and hence there is special(a) scope of expansion. Similarly, in France Accor have a staggering number of hotels and resorts in all segments. It also has a lot of services in France. It has its strongest presence in France considering the size of France to the UK and the US. Accor already has a very good presence in France in all the segments. Hence it has little scope for growth. In the USA, Accor has motel 6 and st udio 6. It is also present in the upscale market. However, it still has a large scope for expansion in all the segments as the US market is so vast and diverse. Therefore, in the developed markets, the author has shortlisted the US market for the addition of 10,000 rooms in the year 2007-08.Developing MarketLike the developed market the author will choose three developing markets and shortlist one of them for the analysis. The developing markets are India, China and South Korea. South Korea is relatively a small country and the economic growth is not impressive enough for Accor to add 10,000 rooms in this market. Accor entered the Indian market in the early 80s and failed miserably. Accor has a few(prenominal) operational hotels in India mainly business hotels. However, the political system in India is somewhat chaotic as compared to China. The ternary market chosen is China. China is a huge country in terms of land and is the fastest growing economy in the world. It has a stable government and its foreign policies towards the cordial reception industry are very friendly. Therefore, the author has shortlisted China as its developing market.ESTABLISHED MARKET (USA)_______________________________________________________RationaleThe united States of America (commonly referred to as the united States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km) and with about 305 million people, the United States is the third largest country by total area and third largest by land area and by population. The United States is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the largest national economy in the world, with an estimated gross domestic product (gross domestic product) of US$14.3 trillion (23% of the world total based on nominal GDP and about 21% at purchasing power parity). (Reference http//www.wikipedia.com)geographic LocationNorth Americais the northerncontinentof theAmericas,situated in theEarthsnorthern hemisphereand almost totally in thewestern hemisphere. It is bordered on the north by theArctic Ocean, on the east by the NorthAtlantic Ocean, on the southeast by theCaribbean Sea, and on the south and west by the NorthPacific OceanSouth Americalies to the southeast. North America covers anareaof about 24,709,000square kilometres(9,540,000square miles), about 4.8% of the planets surface or about 16.5% of its land area. As of July 2008, itspopulationwas estimated at nearly 529 million people. It is thethird-largestcontinent in area, followingAsiaandAfrica, and the fourth in population after Asia, Africa, andEurope. (Reference http//www.wikipedia.com)PESTLE analytic thinkingPoliticalA seldom-stated fact of life is that without political stability it is impossible to have economic progress. Until a nation has a stable politi cal system in place, it is impossible for people to plan their lives, stick out business successfully and go about their daily routines with any hope for the future. The United States has enjoyed 135 years of political stability since the end of the Civil War. The United States is the oldest democratic republic. This is an incredible accomplishment. It is amazing that no other country has been able to copy the American system of government successfully. It is as if that system is uniquely conform to to that single country. (Reference http//www.wikipedia.com)With mass manufacturing long gone from America, hospiatality industry is one of the key generators of revenue. Hence the American government has given some concessions for the development and growth of the industryGrant of Infrastructure Status for hotelsConcession for host CentresContinuation of ConcessionsDepreciation rate for hotel buildingsConcession in Income Tax Act for the Hotel Industry(Reference http//www.capitalmarke t.com)Economical fortunately for U.S. hotel owners and operators, actual RevPAR improvement through the first six months of 2004 has already reached 9.5 percent. Most encouraging was the 3.2 percent increase in ADR. Record-breaking growth rates for revenues and profits are certainly welcome news for U.S. hotel owners and operators. The industry leaders have forecasted growth in the coming years for hospitality industry in the USA. as well as with backing of the US government the hospitality industry is believe to show good results in coming years.(Reference http//www.wikipedia.com)SocialThe American population is comparatively young compared to other developed nations like Japan and Germany and a lot of young immigrant work force is also available in the country. Therefore, it is doubly beneficial for the hospitality industry, which is always on the lookout for young work force and customers. The American government safeguards the interests of its people through following agendasth e social inclusion processCoordination of social security schemesAnti-discrimination and relations with civil society comparability between women and menSocial Agenda 2005-10(Reference http//www.childstats.gov)TechnologicalThe effective use of hospitality technology is one of the key factors in providing stellar customer service, since the proper implementation of this technology helps to ensure that key aspects of service are not accidentally forgotten or avoided.The hospitality sector in the US fagged a total of $917 million in 2006 on RD activities, compared to $784 million in 2005. As the President outlined in his State of the Union Address, the ACI commits $5.9 billion in FY 2007 and more than $136 billion over 10 years to increase investments in research and development (RD), strengthen education, and encourage entrepreneurship and innovation. (Reference http//www.capitalmarket.com)LegalThe lobour laws in America are very stringent. Therefore, the hotel has to abide by the ru les to avoid fines and getting into legal disputes. Some of the laws for the hospitality industry are as followsCommon Law SystemRight To PrivacyAmerican with Disabilities ActSafety and securityFood and Beverage ConsumptionEmploymentWorkplaceContractsTravel and TourismThe international arrivals market for the United States has changed importantly since 2000. This goal of this analysis is to provide insights into changes affecting the top inbound markets to the U.S. The U.S. welcomed 56 million international visitors from 213 countries during 2006, up 10 percent from 2005. Total arrivals were also up 9 percent from 2000, the former record year for total non-resident visitation to the country. Arrival records were set by 72 countries, nine of which were among the top 20 inbound markets. Therefore, in 2007, the growth in arrivals was driven more from the emerging markets than the top arrival markets. abroad arrivals (excluding Canada and Mexico) totalled 23.9 million during 2006, up 1 0 percent from 2005. Travel from overseas markets postinged for 43 percent of total arrivals to the U.S. and contributed significantly to the overall growth in international arrivals in 2007. Although overseas travel is rebounding from its low in 2003 it was consume eight percent from its peak in 2000 (graph below). Fourteen of the top 20 overseas markets exceeded 2006 arrivals levels by double-digits Germany, France, Australia, Brazil, Italy, India, mainland China/HK, Spain, the Netherlands, Ireland, Venezuela, Colombia, Sweden and Israel. (Reference http//www.travelstatistics.com)Economic GrowthIn real terms, Americas economy grew by 3.7 percent in 2006, faster than most other developed economies around the globe and faster than the historical U.S. growth rate, since 1970, of 3.2 percent.The overall level of GDP was $9.89 trillion (in 2000) when Bush was elected and $9.87 trillion in the third quarter of 2006. Exactly three years later, GDP is $10.88 trillion, a 10 percent real increase. To put that in perspective, just the growth of the U.S. economy over the past three years is larger than half of the entire French economy. (Reference http//www.economicreform.com)Brand pickaxeHeadquartered in Dallas (Carrollton), Texas, Accor North America operates more than 900 upscale and economy properties including nationwide economy leaders studio apartment 6 and Motel 6 and the upscale Sofitel and mid-scale Novotel and Ibis hotel locations in the U.S., Canada and Mexico. Its flagship chain, Motel 6, caters primarily to vacationing families in the US and Canada with a limited menu of amenities.Accors plan for the U.S. should focus on Motel 6, studio apartment 6, Sofitel and Novotel brands. The company should plan to grow Motel 6 and Studio 6 aggressively. Were working on new prototypes for both brands, Le Mener said. We intend to be very aggressive with a goal to develop 70 to 75 properties a year, Mener added. Novotel should follow the growth plan of Sofitel, which is to have properties only in the top 20 to 25 markets in the U.S. We see Novotel as an international network, he said.Business travellers and families on a vacation are looking for budget hotels as they want the cheapest mode of accommodation. Accor has a great presence in the low budget segment and therefore, it should continue to grow its hold in this segment. However, it should also look at growing in other segments of the market. This will help Accor in creating brand awareness and also increase its market share in the US.Accor in USABrand Hotels Rooms Managed/FranchisedMotel 6 815 85,421 127Red Roof Inns 360 39,622 101Studio 6 37 4,714 2Sofitel 8 2,633 1Novotel 6 1,835 3Total 1,226 134,225 234(Reference http//www.accor.com)Financial StrategyAccor USA was struggling with manual account reconciliation that postponed month-end accounting for its growing number of properties. Department inefficiencies and error-prone manual processes caused delays with the identification of excep tions like abstracted and late deposits. High turnover at properties and reporting delays exposed the company to expensive losses with yearbook write-offs averaging $1.5 million. Accor USA had no process for escheatment and a 2004 audit resulted in $3 million dollars in penalties for unwanted property that had not been filed with the appropriate states. (Reference http//www.accor.com)Accor USA faces a lot of financial problems that cannot be sorted out in a matter of time. It has very less cash left to fund its operation in the USA. Although, the funds from operations increased 7% to $906 million in 2005, it still struggles to keep up. Capital wasting disease for renovation and maintenance rose by nearly 15% to$326 million during the year, and represented 4.5% of revenues, versus 4.2% in 2005. Free cash flow amounted to $580 million. (Reference http//www.accor.com)As seen above, Accor USAs debt is decreasing and cash flows are increasing, therefore it should concentrate on the e xpansion programme as the cash flows increase. However, it should focus on economy hotels like Motel 6 and Studio 6 as they require less money. To fund these projects Accor can raise cash money from equity market and some from its operations.With its more substantial financial resources, Accor should step up the pace of growth and enjoy great financial flexibility. The initial three-year (2005-2007) expansion budget has been increased by 39%, to EUR 1.7 billion from EUR 1.2 billion, to fund the development of various hotel projects in the U.S. (Reference http//www.accor.com)To improve its financial flexibility, Accor should undertake an innovative real estate management strategy designed to meet two main objectivesReduce capital intensity in upscale hotels. variant holding costs in the midscale segment.In the upscale segment (Sofitel), Accor wants to sell the hotel properties while retaining the management contract, sometimes with a minority stake, in order to reduce earnings volat ility in a segment that is more sensitive to business cycles. The objective is for 75% of all Sofitel units to be under management contract in 2006, versus 62% in 2004 and 52% in 2000. (Reference http//www.accor.com)In midscale hotels, fixed leases are going to be transformed into changeable leases based on a percentage of revenues with no minimum guaranteed. One of the objectives is to variable a proportion of the hotels fixed costs.Marketing StrategyAccors big-spender approach has made it the arch-collector of brands, and some observers wonder whether the group can continue being all things to all people without diluting its focus. Nevertheless, its an approach that has established the French company as the worlds third-largest hotel operator, and its coverage of multiple market sectors allows it to spread the risks of a downturn in any one part of its business.Accor group should be focussing on marketing its hotels through advertisements in magazines, telly and Accors other ser vices operational in the U.S. It has joined hands with various magazines and is actively participating in television adverts, which will help in marketing its product.Many customers locate and book their Accor hotel accommodation through www.accorhotels.com and associated brand-specific net sites, where they are offered the opportunity to opt-in to an online communications programme.Accors online relationship marketing strategy should aim to convert prospects into customers and build customer value through increasing the depth of relationship and growing revenues from repeat bookings, cross-sales, up-sales and referrals.Customer relationship and marketing director of Accor Hotels, Mathieu Staat, said, Online relationship marketing is an important, but complex activity for us. Accor have several hotel brands and offer online communications in up to five languages to subscribers across 15 target zones. They also run six contrary loyalty and subscription cards.